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          <h2 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">HTTP</h2>
        

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        <p>超文本传输协议（HTTP，HyperText Transfer Protocol)是互联网上应用最为广泛的一种网络协议。所有的WWW文件都必须遵守这个标准。设计HTTP最初的目的是为了提供一种发布和接收HTML页面的方法。HTTP是一个客户端和服务端请求和应答的标准.</p>
<h3 id="HTTP组成"><a href="#HTTP组成" class="headerlink" title="HTTP组成"></a>HTTP组成</h3><p><img src="http://assets.qipo.net/http.jpg" alt></p>
<h3 id="常见状态码"><a href="#常见状态码" class="headerlink" title="常见状态码"></a>常见状态码</h3><ul>
<li>1XX:信息</li>
<li>2XX:成功</li>
<li>3XX:重定向</li>
<li>4XX:客户端错误</li>
<li>5XX:服务器错误</li>
</ul>
<p>详情见<a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/HTTP%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81%E7%A0%81/5053660?fr=aladdin" target="_blank" rel="noopener">百度</a></p>
<h3 id="HTTP请求方法"><a href="#HTTP请求方法" class="headerlink" title="HTTP请求方法"></a>HTTP请求方法</h3><p>在客户机和服务器之间进行通信,响应时,两种最常被用到的方法是:<code>GET</code> 和 <code>POST</code>.</p>
<ul>
<li>GET-从指定的资源请求数据.</li>
<li>POST-向指定的资源提交要被处理的数据.</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="GET"><a href="#GET" class="headerlink" title="GET"></a>GET</h4><p>GET 方法用于获取由Request所标示的资源的信息,常见的形式是:<code>GET Request-URL HTTP/1.1</code>.GET方法是默认的HTTP请求的方法,例如当我们通过在浏览器的地址栏中直接输入网址的方式去访问网页的时候,浏览器采用的就是GET方法向服务器获取资源.<br>我们可以使用GET方法来提交表单数据,用GET方式提交的表单数据只经过了简单编码,同时它将作为URL的一部分向服务器发送,因此,如果使用GET方法来提交表单数据就存在着安全隐患.例如:<br><code>http://localhost/login.php?username=aa&amp;password=1234</code><br>从上面的URL请求中,很容易就可以辨认出表单提交的内容.(?之后的内容)另外由于GET方法提交的数据是作为URL请求的一部分所以提交的数据量不能太大.这是因为浏览器对url的长度有限制,下面是几种常见的浏览器的url长度限制(单位:字符):</p>
<figure class="highlight avrasm"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="symbol">IE:</span><span class="number">2803</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="symbol">Firefox:</span><span class="number">65536</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="symbol">Chorme:</span><span class="number">8182</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="symbol">Safari:</span><span class="number">80000</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="symbol">Opera:</span><span class="number">190000</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="POST"><a href="#POST" class="headerlink" title="POST"></a>POST</h4><p>POST方法是GET方法的一个替代方法,它主要是向Web服务器提交表单数据,尤其是大批量的数据.在请求头信息结束之后的两个回车换行之后(实际是空一行),就是表单提交的数据.<br>POST方法克服了GET方法的一些缺点.通过POST方法提交表单数据时,数据不是作为URL请求的一部分而是作为标准数据传送给Web服务器,这就克服了GET方法中的信息无法保密和数据量太小的缺点.因此,处于安全的考虑以及对用户隐私的尊重,通常表单提交时采用POST方法.<br>从编程角度来讲,如果用户通过GET方法提交数据,则数据存放在QUERY_STRING环境变量中,而POST方法提交的数据则可以从标准输入流中获取.</p>
<h4 id="GET与POST方法有以下区别"><a href="#GET与POST方法有以下区别" class="headerlink" title="GET与POST方法有以下区别"></a>GET与POST方法有以下区别</h4><ol>
<li>在客户端,Get方式在通过URL提交数据,数据在URL中可以看到;POST方式,数据放在HTTP包的body中.</li>
<li>GET方式提交的数据大小有限制(因为浏览器对URL的长度有限制),而POST则没有此限制.</li>
<li>安全性问题,正如在(1)中提到,使用GET的时候,参数会显示在地址栏上,而POST不会.所以,如果这些数据是中文数据而且是非敏感数据,那么使用get;如果用户输入的数据不是中文字符而且包含敏感数据,那么还是使用post为好.</li>
<li>服务器取值方式不一样.GET方式取值,如php可以使用$_GET来取得变量的值,而POST方式通过$_POST来获取变量的值.</li>
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